It is experienced that online education has become further more widespread in recent years. Especially with the pandemic period, it is seen that there is more demand for online training. In the same way, formal and non-formal of religious education is also provided online In this study, a scale development study was carried out to measure attitudes of Online Religious Education. The data was obtained via electronic forms. This data consisted of information from 642 adult participants. The age range of (...) these groups is 18-40 and older. The scale study has been advanced by adhering to the scale development stages. Various conclusions have been drawn through the analysis of the data obtained as a result of these stages. The KMO value of the scale is found to be 0.961, the Bartlett test value found to be x2(153)=9972,397 p=0.000, and chi-square value is determined to be significant. As a result of the analysis, the three factor groups are determined as “cognitive”, “affective” and “behavioural”. İt is observed that the total variance explained by the scale, which consists of a total of 45 items, is 72,766, and the factor loads of the items ranged between 0.578 and 0.896. This situation has showed that the items are related to each other. When the item correlations are analysed, it is found that there was no item below 0.30 and the total correlation values of the items varied between 0.663 and 0.852. This has revealed that the items are related to each other. At the same time, when the mean scores of the lower 27% and upper 27% were compared with the independent group t-test, it is determined that there is a significant difference in the mean scores. In other words, it has been demonstrated that the scale is distinctive in terms of measuring the desired quality. All these data and analyses have shown that the Online Religious Education Attitude Scale is a valid, reliable and distinctive tool that can measure the achievements of online religious education. (shrink)

In recent years, the fascination with K-Pop music, its singers and groups, which have rapidly gained popularity in the world and in our country, increasingly attracted notice and is the subject of many studies. The daily lives and lifestyles of the people representing this musical style and groups become the focus of attention of the younger generations and are imitated by them. This fact necessitates to research K-Pop music. Studies in the world and in Turkey reveal that K-Pop has significant (...) effects on young people. This trend, supported by industrial and cultural forms, attracts the attention of young people and affects their lifestyles. It is important to research how K-Pop singers and groups with their dynamic compositions, lively dances, innocent expressions, sexless looks, unique clothing, makeup, images, gestures and facial expressions affect their young fans, as well as what their religious, national and cultural consequences are on individual and social basis. The research was conducted with a phenomenological approach and the data was collected via semi-structured interviews with 20 young people born between 2000 and 2010, who were selected by snowball sampling method. As a result of the analysis, the data were classified as two themes, namely, the interest of young people in K-Pop and the influence of K-Pop on young people. In this study, it was aimed to determine how and in which subjects K-Pop music style and group mem-bers are influential on the imagination of adolescents, and the meaning and importance of this situation in terms of religious-moral education and deve-lopment. It was observed that the participants admire K-Pop singers and groups, like their lifestyle, and view every behaviour of these people positively. Moreover, in the study, the effects of K-Pop music on emotions, behaviours and thoughts were examined and their advantages and disadvantages were evaluated in terms of religious-moral education. At the end of the study, suggestions are given for the young people to be selective about the people that they will choose as a phenomenon or an idol in terms of religious education. (shrink)

Many philosophers take for granted the distinction between the first-person and third-person perspectives. They employ this distinction in a variety of philosophical debates including those concerning self-consciousness, phenomenal properties, subjectivity of phenomenal consciousness, and conceivability issues. This paper aims to explore the developmental root of the distinction in question. Through several analyses, the paper attempts to show that infants in the early childhood are exposed to cognitive, behavioral and experiential processes that are constitutive of the first-person perspective. The striking conclusion (...) that can be derived from the analyses is that the first-person perspective is not possessed inborn. Rather, it gradually develops through certain experiential processes and interaction with other human infants in the early childhood. This potentially implies that if conditions had been properly designed, infants would have possessed an “inter-subjective self” that lacks the first-person perspective as we traditionally know. The paper additionally hints that serious philosophical consequences occur if the above conclusion is true. (shrink)

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has implications for health professionals. Aim The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between emotional labor levels and moral distress in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. Research design A descriptive and cross-sectional study was adopted. Participants and research context Data were collected between 7 February and 7 March 2021. 302 health professionals who were not on leave (annual leave, sick leave, prenatal and postnatal (...) leave, etc.) at the time of the research and who volunteered to participate in the research were included. Research data were collected using a “Personal Information Form,” the “Emotional Labor Scale” and the “Moral Distress Thermometer.” Ethical considerations The Ethics Committee approved the study (dated 07.01.2021 and numbered 2021/1-3). The participants were informed of the study aim and written consent was obtained before completing the survey. Findings In the present study, the mediator role of emotional labor in the effect of providing service to a patient with COVID-19 and having had COVID-19 on moral distress was examined in health professionals and it was found that there was a correlation between providing service to a patient with COVID-19 and moral distress regardless of whether or not emotional labor had a role in this relationship. Conclusion In this study, the relationship between the level of emotional labor and moral distress in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated with a structural equation model. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo apresenta os traços fundamentais que permeiam as categorias Trabalho e Formação Humana na Ontologia do ser social de Lukács. Para alcançar tal objetivo, é necessário debruçar-se sobre os nódulos internos que permeiam a atividade sensível do ser, que, ao longo da história, acumula na prática as condições que possibilitam o ser orgânico realizar o salto ontológico em direção a constituir-se como ser social. Verifica-se, ainda, que a capacidade teleológica dos indivíduos sociais está subordinada ao trabalho humano. No (...) desenvolvimento social, é possível apreender a teleologia de segunda ordem, que pese, a capacidade de um ou mais indivíduos sociais influenciarem a maioria ou parte do ser social em desempenhar pores teleológicos não elaborados por eles. Os elementos práticos remetem à ampliação do trabalho como ontogênese de toda a práxis social. Por fim, pretende-se expor o processo de autoconstituição material e histórica do ser social e sua gênese no trabalho. Palavras-chave: Trabalho; Ontologia do ser social; Formação humana; Teleologia; Práxis social. Ontological priority of labor in György Lukács Abstract: The article presents the fundamental characteristics that permeate the categories Labor and Human Formation in Lukács’ Ontology of the social being. In order to do this, it is necessary to focus on the internal nodes pervading the human being’s sensitive activity which, throughout history, in practice provides the conditions that allow the organic being to make the ontological leap toward becoming a social being. It is also noted that the teleological capacity of social individuals is subordinated to human work. In social development, it is possible to understand secondary teleology, that measures the ability of one or more social individuals to influence most or part of the social being to carry out teleological positings they have not produced themselves. The practical elements refer to the expansion of labor as ontogenesis of social praxis as a whole. Finally, the article will discuss the process of material and historical self-constitution of the social being and its genesis in labour. Verifica-se, ainda, que a capacidade teleológica dos indivíduos sociais está subordinada ao trabalho humano Key-words: Labor; Ontology of the social being; Human formation; Teleology; Social praxis. La prioridad ontológica del trabajo en György Lukács Resumen: El artículo presenta los raResumosgos fundamentales que impregnan las categorías Trabajo y Formación humana en la ontología del ser social de Lukács. Para lograr este objetivo, es necesario centrarse en los nodos internos que impregnan la actividad sensible del ser, que, a lo largo de la historia, acumula en la práctica, las condiciones que permiten al ser orgánico dar el salto ontológico para constituirse, cómo ser social. También se verifica, parece que la capacidad teleológica de los individuos sociales está subordinada al trabajo humano. En el desarrollo social, es posible aprehender la teleología de segundo orden, a pesar de la capacidad de uno o más individuos sociales para influir en la mayoría o parte del ser social para realizar poros teleológicos no elaborados por ellos. Los elementos prácticos se refieren a la expansión del trabajo como ontogénesis de toda praxis social. Finalmente, se pretende exponer el proceso de autoconstitución material e histórica del ser social y su génesis en el trabajo. Palabras clave: Trabajo; Ontología del ser social; Formación humana; Teleología; Praxis social. Data de registro: 23/03/2023 Data de aceite: 10/07/2023. (shrink)